Antimicrobial Resistance and the Role of Rapid Diagnostics

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most urgent threats to global public health. It occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the medicines used to treat them. The result is infections that are harder to treat, longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and increased mortality. The World Health Organization has identified AMR as one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity.

In Europe alone, AMR causes an estimated 670,000 infections and 33,000 deaths every year. Globally, drug- resistant infections are responsible for approximately 700,000 deaths annually — a figure projected to rise to 10 million per year by 2050 if no action is taken. The economic cost is equally staggering, with the World Bank estimating that AMR could reduce global GDP by up to 3.8% and push 28 million people into poverty by 2050.

A major driver of AMR is the overprescription of antibiotics, particularly in primary care settings. Studies show that antibiotic prescription rates in GP consultations can be as high as 50%, yet appropriate prescribing may be warranted in as few as 9% of cases. The core problem is diagnostic uncertainty: without a fast, reliable way to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections, clinicians default to prescribing antibiotics "just in case." This practice, while understandable, accelerates resistance and exposes patients to unnecessary adverse drug reactions.

Adverse events linked to inappropriate antibiotic use cost the NHS an estimated £300 million every year. These range from mild gastrointestinal side effects to severe allergic reactions and Clostridioides difficile infections. Beyond individual patient harm, these events place significant pressure on an already stretched healthcare system.

The solution lies in better diagnostics at the point of care. Currently, distinguishing viral from bacterial infection requires laboratory analysis — a process that takes hours or days and is simply not compatible with the pace of a GP consultation or emergency triage. This diagnostic gap has persisted for decades and is widely regarded as one of medicine's most important unsolved problems.

The Diagno device by diagnosticx is designed to close this gap. Delivering a clinically actionable result in 50 seconds from a non-invasive saliva sample, it gives clinicians the information they need at the moment of consultation — with no laboratory, no blood draw, and no waiting. By enabling accurate, instant differentiation between viral and bacterial infections, the Diagno device empowers clinicians to prescribe antibiotics only when genuinely needed, directly reducing AMR propagation and protecting patients from unnecessary drug exposure.

Rapid point-of-care diagnostics are not just a clinical tool — they are a public health intervention. Deployed at scale, technology like the Diagno device has the potential to meaningfully bend the curve on AMR, reduce healthcare costs, and improve outcomes for patients around the world.